Concrete, 50 MPa, in-situ, NZ manufactured cement, no reinforcement, (OPC) (Firth, North Island, average)

CIL-001845 | PR_20_31_16_8_5_1_2_1

Product Overview

Concrete, 50 MPa, in-situ, NZ manufactured cement, no reinforcement, (OPC) (Firth, North Island, average)

Concrete (In-situ)

Concrete

NECO₂ Product ID

CIL-001845

BRANZ PR Code

PR_20_31_16_8_5_1_2_1

EPD Registration Number

S-P-02050

Last Updated

08-09-2025

Default Product

No

Data Preference Rating

Geographic

10

Time

7

Technical

10

Methodology

7

Data Preference Rating

B

Declared Unit: m³	A1-A3 Manufacturing

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m³	365
GWP A1-A3 Excluding Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	365
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m³	-
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m³	-

Transport Overview

The A4 transport stage represents emissions from transporting the product from the manufacturing facility to the construction site. Use the resources below to calculate custom transport distances and emissions for your specific project requirements. Refer to the ‘Manufacturing’ information further down in this data entry to see the manufacturing location for this product, to be used with your project site location, to determine the transport route to be used.

A4 Transport-to-Site Calculator

Select your NZ project site destination to estimate transport-to-site GWP using NECO2 route data and published transport intensities.

Manufacturing location

Auckland

Loading NZ destinations…

Manual calculation

Emission Rates

Ministry for the Environment emission factors for transport calculations

Updated 2023 emission factors

Multiple transport modes included

NZ-specific data

Download Emission Rates

Transport Routes

BRANZ transport scenarios and route calculations

Pre-calculated route scenarios

Major NZ transport corridors

Distance and time calculations

Download Transport Routes

How to Calculate Custom A4 Transport Emissions

Download the emission rates document to get the appropriate emission factors for your transport mode
Use the transport routes spreadsheet to determine distances for your specific route
Calculate emissions using: Emissions = Distance × Emission Factor × Total Product Mass
Add the calculated emissions to your LCA model for the A4 stage

The default GWPF values shown in the above spreadsheet have been calculated using the emission factors found in the ‘Freight transport’ worksheet from the Ministry for Environment’s 2025 Emissions Factors Workbook, which can be accessed here. The ‘All trucks’ dataset from the table titled ‘Road freight goods in New Zealand’ has been used as the default for any transport via road, while the ‘Container freight’ dataset in the table titled ‘Sea freight emission factors’ has been used as the default for any transport via sea. If you know specifically what type of truck/ship is used to transport products for your project, you can take any of the other datasets within these two tables and multiply them by the appropriate transport distance to calculate more specific GWPF values for your project.

The A5 Construction Wastage stage represents the additional material lost during construction-stage installation of the product, and the construction waste routes those losses follow.

The construction wastage rate and waste route shares below support calculation of A5.1 – Construction wastage emissions and A5.2 – Construction wastage transfers, using values sourced from the A1-A3, A4, C2, C3.1, C3.2, C4.1, and C4.2 modules.

Construction Wastage	Value
Construction wastage rate	4%
Reuse share	0%
Recycling share	10%
Energy recovery share	0%
Landfill share	90%

A5 Construction wastage calculation

The construction wastage rate is provided as a percentage of the installed product quantity. This represents the assumed additional material required to account for offcuts, damage, breakage, over-ordering, or other construction-stage material losses.
The wastage rate is provided together with the assumed percentage share of each construction waste route, based on typical New Zealand practice. The waste routes include:
1. Reuse
2. Recycling
3. Energy recovery
4. Landfill
The A5 calculation uses emissions and transfer data from the relevant NECO2 modules. Users should source the required values from the corresponding NECO2 drawers for:
A1-A3, A4, C2, C3.1, C3.2, C4.1, and C4.2.
A5 is separated into two sub-modules:
- A5.1 – Construction wastage emissions
- A5.2 – Construction wastage transfers
This distinction allows emissions and transferred biogenic carbon or other transfer flows to be reported separately.
The Global Warming Potential indicators — GWP Total, GWP Fossil, GWP Biogenic, and GWP LULUC — are calculated using the following approach:
A5.1 = Wastage Rate % × [A1-A3 + A4 + C2(waste route) + C3.1(waste route) + C4.1(waste route)]A5.2 = Wastage Rate % × [C3.2(waste route) + C4.2(waste route)]
Where multiple waste routes apply, the C2, C3.1, C3.2, C4.1, and C4.2 values should be weighted according to the percentage share assigned to each wastage route.
The default wastage rate and wastage route percentages for a product should not be changed unless there is clear evidence that different rates are more representative of the specific project, product, supplier, construction method, or site practice.

Notes:

Use the wastage rate and route shares with the relevant A1-A3, A4, C2, C3.1, C3.2, C4.1 and C4.2 values to calculate A5.1 and A5.2.

The B2 maintenance stage represents emissions from maintaining the product over the life of the building it’s used in.

Use the data below to calculate the B2 emissions associated with the product for your specific project requirements.

Declared Unit: m²	B2 Maintenance

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m²	-
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m²	-
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m²	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m²	-
Start Year	-
Frequency (years)	-

How to calculate B2 Maintenance emissions

Determine the number of times maintenance will occur for the product over the life of the building. Assume maintenance will occur first at the ‘start year’ and subsequently after the ‘frequency’ number of years. For example: for a building with an expected life of 50 years, and a product with a maintenance ‘start year’ of 25 years then a ‘frequency’ of 8 years, maintenance will occur at year 25, 33, 41 and 49, i.e. 4 times.
Multiply the GWP values given above by the number of times maintenance will occur over the life of the building to calculate the B2 emissions for this product for this project.

Note: if the start year is greater than the life of the building, maintenance is assumed not to occur, so B2 emissions can be assumed to be 0.

Notes:

No factory applied coating. If paint is applied to material on site, then needs to be added as a separate material within assessment.

The B4 Replacement stage represents emissions from replacing the product over the life of the building it’s used in.

Use the data below to calculate the B4 emissions associated with the product for your specific project requirements.

Product Location in Building	B4 (Years) Replacement

Enclosure Roof
Exposure Zone B	-
Exposure Zone C	-
Exposure Zone D	-
Exposure Zone E	-
Enclosure Other
Exposure Zone B	-
Exposure Zone C	-
Exposure Zone D	-
Exposure Zone E	-
Interior	-
Finish
Commercial	-
Residential	-
Services	-

How to calculate B4 Replacement emissions:

Determine the number of times replacement will occur for the product over the life of the building. Assume replacement will occur after the number of years given in the table below, often based on the location of the product in the building and the exposure zone for the building’s site. For example: for a building with an expected life of 50 years, and a product with replacement frequency of 15 years, replacement will occur at year 15, 30 and 45, i.e. 3 times.
Determine total emissions associated with replacing the product, i.e. the GWP value for (A1-A3)+A4+A5+C3+C4 for the product.
Multiply this GWP value by the number of times replacement will occur over the life of the building to calculate the B4 emissions for this product for this project.

Note: exposure zone for the building site can be determined from BRANZ maps.

Note: if the replacement period is greater than the life of the building, replacement is assumed not to occur, so the B4 emissions are assumed to be 0.

C-stage data often differs from the published LCA source as it has been “localised” using a consistent method for NZ specific considerations, rather than assumptions. Refer Knowledge Base.

Declared Unit: m³	C1 Demolition

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m³	6.5156
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m³	6.5156
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m³	-

Notes:

Based of Table 4 in PCR Construction Products 2019:14 Version 2.0.1. PCR provides a default fuel usage of 10 kWh of diesel per tonne of material. Converted to l of diesel assuming a net calorific value of 35.7 MJ/l and 0.278 kWh/MJ, then multiplied by emission factor provided for stationary combustion of diesel in a commercial context. Used commercial value instead of industrial as it is slightly higher, so more conservative.

C-stage data often differs from the published LCA source as it has been “localised” using a consistent method for NZ specific considerations, rather than assumptions. Refer Knowledge Base.

The C2 Transport of Waste stage represents emissions from transporting the product in waste form after the end of life of the building.

Use the data below to calculate the C2 emissions associated with the product for your specific project requirements.

Declared Unit: m³	REUSE RATE	RECYCLING RATE	RECOVERY RATE	DISPOSAL RATE

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	16.2877
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	16.2877
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
Rate Percentage	-	20%	-	80%

How to calculate C2 Transport of Waste emissions:

The emissions associated with each end-of-life scenario (reuse, recycling, recovery, disposal) are provided, along with the assumed % share of each scenario based on New Zealand practice.
For each scenario, multiply the GWP values by the rate % and sum for all the scenarios to calculate the expected C2 emissions for this product. For example, for a product with a recycling rate of 85% and a GWP total of 0.0617 kgCO₂eq/m², and a disposal rate of 15% and a GWP total of 0.0308 kgCO₂eq/m², the expected C2 emissions are: 0.85*0.0617 + 0.15*0.0308 = 0.057 kgCO₂eq/m².
The rate % of each end-of-life scenario for a product should not be changed without good evidence that this will be the case for your project.

Notes:

Reuse: N/A

Recycling: No transport. Assume any process occurs on site.

Recovery: N/A

Disposal: Assume 50 km distance via truck. Based on emission factors for transport modes taken from 2025 version of Ministry for Environment's Measuring Emissions: Detailed Guidance (Freight Transport worksheet).

Module C3 is separated into C3.1 and C3.2, where C3.1 represents real carbon emissions and C3.2 represents the transfer of biogenic carbon into another product or to nature. Together they combine to give the total for module C3.

C3.1 Waste Processing Emissions

C-stage data often differs from the published LCA source as it has been “localised” using a consistent method for NZ specific considerations, rather than assumptions. Refer Knowledge Base.

The C3.1 Waste processing emissions stage represents emissions from processing the product as waste after the end of life of the building.

Use the data below to calculate the C3.1 emissions associated with the product for your specific project requirements.

Declared Unit: m³	REUSE RATE	RECYCLING RATE	RECOVERY RATE	DISPOSAL RATE (N/A)

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m³	-	1.3031	-	-
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m³	-	1.3031	-	-
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
Rate Percentage	-	20%	-	-

How to calculate C3.1 Waste processing emissions:

The emissions associated with each end-of-life scenario (reuse, recycling, recovery) are provided, along with the assumed % share of each scenario based on New Zealand practice.
For each scenario, multiply the GWP values by the rate %, and sum for all the scenarios to calculate the expected C3.1 emissions for this product. For example, for a product recycling rate of 85% and a GWP total of 0.009 kgCO₂eq/m², and all other scenario rates are 0%, the expected C3.1 emissions are: 0.85*0.009 = 0.0077 kgCO₂eq/m².
Note that some scenarios above may have a GWP value associated with them, but no rate applied to them. These GWP values may be used in determining A5 emissions, which may have different % rates applied to them. A5 emissions will be added to the repository in due course.
The rate % of each end-of-life scenario for a product should not be changed without good evidence that this will be the case for your project.

C3.2 Waste Processing Transfers

C-stage data often differs from the published LCA source as it has been “localised” using a consistent method for NZ specific considerations, rather than assumptions. Refer Knowledge Base.

The C3.2 Waste processing transfers module represents biogenic carbon transfers (not emissions) associated with “waste” products that are subsequently reused or materials that are recycled, for application in another project.

Use the data below to calculate the C3.1 emissions associated with the product for your specific project requirements.

Declared Unit: m³	REUSE RATE	RECYCLING RATE	RECOVERY RATE	DISPOSAL RATE (N/A)

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m³	-	-	-	-
Rate Percentage	-	20%	-	-

How to calculate C3.2 Waste processing transfers:

The transfers associated with each end-of-life scenario (reuse, recycling, recovery) are provided, along with the assumed % share of each scenario based on New Zealand practice.
For each scenario, multiply the GWP values by the rate % and sum for all the scenarios to calculate the expected C3.2 transfers for this product. For example, for a product recycling rate of 85% and a GWP total of 0.009 kgCO₂eq/m², and all other scenario rates are 0%, the expected C3.2 transfers are: 0.85*0.009 = 0.0077 kgCO₂eq/m².
Note that some scenarios above may have a GWP value associated with them, but no rate applied to them. These GWP values may be used in determining A5 emissions, which may have different % rates applied to them. A5 emissions will be added to the repository in due course.
The rate % of each end-of-life scenario for a product should not be changed without good evidence that this will be the case for your project.

Notes:

Reuse: N/A

Recycling: Considers crushing process on site (2kWh of diesel). Based of Table 4 in PCR Construction Products 2019:14 Version 2.0.1. PCR provides a default fuel usage per tonne of material. Diesel figures converted to l assuming a net calorific value of 35.7 MJ/l and 0.278 kWh/MJ, then multiplied by emission factor provided for stationary combustion of diesel in a commercial context. Used commercial value instead of industrial as it is slightly higher, so more conservative.

Recovery: N/A

C4.1 Disposal Emissions

C-stage data often differs from the published LCA source as it has been “localised” using a consistent method for NZ specific considerations, rather than assumptions. Refer Knowledge Base.

The C4.1 Disposal emissions stage represents emissions from disposing of the product as waste after the end of life of the building.

Use the data below to calculate the C4.1 emissions associated with the product for your specific project requirements.

Declared Unit: m³	DISPOSAL RATE

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m³	1.0425
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m³	1.0425
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m³	-
Rate Percentage	80%

How to calculate C4.1 Disposal emissions:

The emissions associated with the disposal end-of-life scenario are provided, along with the assumed % share of this scenario based on New Zealand practice.
Multiply the GWP values by the rate % to calculate the expected C4.1 emissions for this product. For example, for a product disposal rate of 15% and a GWP total of 0.0015 kgCO₂eq/m², the expected C4.1 emissions are: 0.15*0.0015 = 0.0002 kgCO₂eq/m².
Note that some scenarios above may have a GWP value associated with them, but no rate applied to them. These GWP values may be used in determining A5 emissions, which may have different % rates applied to them. A5 emissions will be added to the repository in due course.
The rate % of this end-of-life scenario for a product should not be changed without good evidence that this will be the case for your project.

C4.2 Disposal Transfers (remaining storage 100 years after disposal)

C-stage data often differs from the published LCA source as it has been “localised” using a consistent method for NZ specific considerations, rather than assumptions. Refer Knowledge Base.

The C4.2 Disposal transfers module represents biogenic carbon that continues to be stored in a landfill 100 years following disposal.

Use the data below to calculate the C4.2 transfers associated with the product for your specific project requirements.

Declared Unit: m³	DISPOSAL RATE

GWP Total kgCO₂eq/m³	-
GWP Fossil kgCO₂eq/m³	-
GWP Biogenic kgCO₂eq/m³	-
GWP LULUC kgCO₂eq/m³	-
Rate Percentage	80%

How to calculate C4.2 Disposal transfers:

The transfers associated with the disposal end-of-life scenario are provided, along with the assumed % share of this scenario based on New Zealand practice.
Multiply the GWP values by the rate % to calculate the expected C4.2 transfers for this product. For example, for a product disposal rate of 15% and a GWP total of 0.0064 kgCO₂eq/m², the expected C4.2 transfers are: 0.15*0.0064 = 0.001 kgCO₂eq/m².
Note that some scenarios above may have a GWP value associated with them, but no rate applied to them. These GWP values may be used in determining A5 emissions, which may have different % rates applied to them. A5 emissions will be added to the repository in due course.
The rate % of this end-of-life scenario for a product should not be changed without good evidence that this will be the case for your project.

Notes:

Disposal: Considers compacting of waste within landfill (1.6kWh of diesel). Based of Table 4 in PCR Construction Products 2019:14 Version 2.0.1. PCR provides a default fuel usage per tonne of material. Diesel figures converted to l assuming a net calorific value of 35.7 MJ/l and 0.278 kWh/MJ, then multiplied by emission factor provided for stationary combustion of diesel in a commercial context. Used commercial value instead of industrial as it is slightly higher, so more conservative.

Declared Unit	m³
Mass per metre (kg/m)	-
Exposed Surface Area (m²)	-
Area Density (kg/m²)	-
Density (kg/m³)	2413
Thickness (m)	-
Product Mass per Declared Unit (kg/m³)	2413
Packaging Mass per Declared Unit (kg/m³)	-
Moisture content (%)	-
Scrap/Secondary Input (%)	-

Manufacturers	Firth Industries Limited
Manufacturing Locations	Auckland, Hamilton, Whangarei, Gisborne, Rotorua, Taupo, New Plymouth, Napier-Hastings, Tauranga, Wellington, Whanganui, Palmerston North

LCA Source Type	EPD
LCA Data Source Title	Firth Certified Ready Mixed Concrete
LCA Registration Number	S-P-02050
International EPD System Reference
LCA Data Source	Download Source Document
LCA Data Source Valid from	18-09-2020
LCA Data Source Valid To	18-09-2025
Version	1
Declaration Owner	Firth Industries Limited
Environmental Reporting Standard	EN15804:2012+A1:2013
Standards/PCRs	PCR 2012:01 version 2.32
Proprietary Database
EPD Programme Instructions (GPI)
Geographic Scope-Manufacturing	New Zealand
Primary Data (Year)	2019

Product Overview

Concrete, 50 MPa, in-situ, NZ manufactured cement, no reinforcement, (OPC) (Firth, North Island, average)

CIL-001845

PR_20_31_16_8_5_1_2_1

S-P-02050

08-09-2025

No

Data Preference Rating

10

7

10

7

B

A1-A3 Product Stage

A1-A3 Product Stage

A4 Transport Details

A4 Transport Details

Transport Overview

A4 Transport-to-Site Calculator

Manufacturing location

Auckland

Manual calculation

Emission Rates

Transport Routes

How to Calculate Custom A4 Transport Emissions

A5 Construction Wastage

A5 Construction Wastage

A5 Construction wastage calculation

Notes:

B2 Maintenance Stage

B2 Maintenance Stage

How to calculate B2 Maintenance emissions

Notes:

B4 Replacement Stage

B4 Replacement Stage

How to calculate B4 Replacement emissions:

C1 Demolition

C1 Demolition

Notes:

C2 Transport of Waste

C2 Transport of Waste

How to calculate C2 Transport of Waste emissions:

Notes:

C3 Recycling

C3 Recycling

C3.1 Waste Processing Emissions

How to calculate C3.1 Waste processing emissions:

C3.2 Waste Processing Transfers

How to calculate C3.2 Waste processing transfers:

Notes:

C4 Disposal

C4 Disposal

C4.1 Disposal Emissions

How to calculate C4.1 Disposal emissions:

C4.2 Disposal Transfers (remaining storage 100 years after disposal)

How to calculate C4.2 Disposal transfers:

Notes:

Product Properties

Product Properties

Manufacturing

Manufacturing

LCA Data Source

LCA Data Source